List of Biosphere Reserves of India 2022
1. List of Biosphere Reserves of India 2022
List of Biosphere Reserves of India 2022 | ||||
No. | The year | Name | State/UT | Area (sq km.) |
1 | 1986 | Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve | Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka | 5520 |
2 | 1988 | Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve | Uttarakhand | 5860 |
3 | 1988 | Nokrek Biosphere Reserve | Meghalaya | 820 |
4 | 1989 | Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve | Tamil Nadu | 10500 |
5 | 1989 | Sundarban Biosphere Reserve | West Bengal | 9630 |
6 | 1989 | Mansh | Assam | 2837 |
7 | 1989 | Great Nicobar Island Biosphere Reserve | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 885 |
8 | 1994 | Simlipal | Orissa | 4374 |
9 | 1997 | Dibru-Saikhowa | Assam | 765 |
10 | 1998 | dihang-dibang | Arunachal Pradesh | 5112 |
11 | 1999 | Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve | Madhya Pradesh | 4981.72 |
12 | 2000 | kangchenjunga | Sikkim | 2620 |
13 | 2001 | Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve | Kerala, Tamil Nadu | 3500.08 |
14 | 2005 | Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve | Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh | 3835 |
15 | 2008 | Rann of Kutch | Gujarat | 12454 |
16 | 2009 | cold dessert | Himachal Pradesh | 7770 |
17 | 2010 | Seshachalam Hills | Andhra Pradesh | 4755 |
18 | 2011 | Panna National Park | Madhya Pradesh | 2998.98 |
1. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
The Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve is an internationally recognized biosphere reserve under the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves, located in the Western Ghats and the Nilgiri Hills range of South India. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was constituted as a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in September 1986 under the Man and the Biosphere Programme. It is the largest protected forest area in India, spread over Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is spread over 5,520 km in the states of Tamil Nadu (2537.6 km), Karnataka (1527.4 km) and Kerala (1455.4 km²). The Nilgiris is a part of the Western Ghats, designated a World Heritage Site (Western) by UNESCO in 2012. Ghat) was declared.
The Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve, rich in flora and fauna, is the first and most important fauna reserve in India. Tribal groups like Badagas, Todas, Kotas, Irullas, Kurumbas, Panias, Adians, Edandan Chetis, Allars, Malayans etc., are the native inhabitants of the reserve.
It is home to mammals such as Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, black panther, gaur, Indian elephant, chital deer, sambar deer, blackbuck, Malabar giant squirrel, Nilgiri marten and Nilgiri tahr. The primates here include the lion-tailed macaque, bonnet macaque, Nilgiri langur, and gray langur. The reptiles found here are Indian python, king cobra, Indian cobra and Magahar crocodile. The birds here are Indian Peacock, Nilgiri Pipit, Nilgiris Laughing Thrush, Nilgiris Flycatcher, Great Hornbill and Malabar Gray Hornbill. It has the largest populations of two endangered species, the lion-tailed macaque and the Nilgiri tahr.
Protected areas within the biosphere
- Silent Valley National Park
- Mukurti National Park (Bandipur-Nagarhole Tiger Reserve)
- Bandipur-Nagarhole Tiger Reserve (Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary)
- Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary
- Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary
- Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary
- Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary and Tiger Reserve
2. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve
Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is a biosphere reserve located around the summit of Nanda Devi in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is spread over Chamoli, Pithoragarh and Bageshwar districts of Uttarakhand state.
Nanda Devi National Park, located in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, was designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988. It was later expanded and renamed as Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers in 2005. Nanda Devi National Park is situated in the Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve covering an area of 2,236.74 sq km.
Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve was included in UNESCO's list of Biosphere Reserves of the world in 2004. Himalayan musk deer, Himalayan tahr, snow leopard, Himalayan black bear and brown bear are found here. Huh.
3. Nokrek Biosphere Reserve
UNESCO added Nokrek to its list of Biosphere Reserves in May 2009. Nokrek Biosphere Reserve is a part of the Garo Hills located in the state of Meghalaya, India. The entire Biosphere Reserve is a mountainous region. The soil in most of the Biosphere Reserve area is red loam. Soils in the biosphere reserve are rich in organic matter and nitrogen but deficient in phosphate and potash.
All the important rivers and streams of the Garo Hills region originate from the Nokrek range, of which the Simsang River, known as Someshwari, which originates from Bangladesh at Baghmara, is the most prominent. Notable sites in the park include Nokerek Peak and Rongbang Dare Waterfalls. Siju caves located here are filled with water and are miles long.
Red panda population is found in Nokrek. Nokerek is also an important habitat for the Asian elephant. Stump-tailed macaque, pig-tailed macaque, hoolocks etc. are also found.
4. Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve
The Gulf of Mannar is a large shallow bay area of the Laccadive Sea in the Indian Ocean, with an average depth of 5.8 metre. It is situated between the south-eastern tip of the Coromandel Coast region of India and the western coast of Sri Lanka. The chain of low islands and rocks known as the Ram Sethu, which includes the island of Mannar, separates the Gulf of Mannar from the Palk Bay, which lies between Sri Lanka and India. The Malavathu River of Sri Lanka and the Thamibarani River and Vaipar River of South India drain into the sea in the Gulf region.
The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve covers an area of 10,500 km, comprising the ocean, 21 islands and the surrounding coastline. Isle and coastal buffer zones include beaches, estuaries, and tropical dry broadleaf forests, while the marine environment includes seagrass communities, seagrass communities, coral reefs, salt marshes, and mangrove forests. Endangered species include dugong (sea cow), whale and sea cucumbers. The Gulf of Mannar is known for its pearl banks.
In 1986, a group of 21 islands off the Tamil Nadu coast between Thoothukudi and Dhanushkodi was declared as the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park. The park and its 10-km buffer zone were declared a biosphere reserve in 1989.
5. Sundarbans in Biosphere Reserve
The Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve is a mangrove area located in a delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It extends from the Hooghly River in West Bengal, India to the Baleshwar River in Bangladesh. The Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve is a part of the delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra River systems. Four protected areas in the Sundarbans (Sunderbans National Park, Sundarbans West, Sundarbans South and Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuaries) have been listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1987. Reserve Sundarban Biosphere Reserve was included in UNESCO's list of Biosphere Reserves of the world in the year 2001. The Sundarbans is the largest Ramsar site in India. It was declared as Ramsar site in 2019.
The most abundant tree species found here is the Sundari tree. The Sundarbans is named after this. The Sundarbans is an important habitat for the Bengal tiger. Endangered species that live within the Sundarbans include estuarine crocodile, northern river terrapin (Batagur baska), olive ridley sea turtle, Gangetic dolphin, ground turtles, hawksbill sea turtles and king crabs (horseshoe).
6. Manas Biosphere Reserve
Manas Biosphere Reserve is located in the state of Assam, India. It is a natural World Heritage Site declared by UNESCO, Project Tiger, Elephant Reserve. Manas Biosphere Reserve is spread over Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup and Darrang districts of Assam.
The Manas River passes through the Biosphere Reserve. The Manas River is a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River. It was declared a Biosphere Reserve by the Government of India in 1989.
7. Great Nicobar Island Biosphere Reserve
It is located in the southern island group of Andaman and Nicobar (Great Nicobar Islands). Biosphere Reserve was included in UNESCO's list of Biosphere Reserves of the world in 2013. It was declared a Biosphere Reserve by the Government of India in 1989.
Nicobar scrub fowl, the edible-nest swiftlet, the Nicobar long-tailed macaque, saltwater crocodile, giant leatherback sea turtle, Malayan box turtle, Nicobar tree shrew, reticulated python and the giant robber crab are found here.
8. Simlipal Biosphere Reserve
It is located in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. It was declared a Biosphere Reserve by the Government of India in 1994. Biosphere Reserve was included in UNESCO's list of Biosphere Reserves of the world in 2009.
This biosphere reserve is home to the Bengal tiger, Asian elephant, gaur and chausingha. Some beautiful waterfalls such as Joranda and Barhipani Falls are located here.
9. Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve
The Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve is located in the Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts of the state of Assam, India. It was declared a Biosphere Reserve in 1997 by the Government of India.
This biosphere reserve is one of the few places in the world that is home to feral horses and the white-winged wood duck. The Brahmaputra and Lohit rivers flow into the Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve.
10. Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve
Arunachal Pradesh is part of the Siang and Dibang Valley. Mouling National Park and Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary are located within this biosphere reserve. The reserve is spread over three districts in Arunachal Pradesh: Dibang Valley, Upper Siang and West Siang. It was declared a Biosphere Reserve by the Government of India in 1998.
Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve is rich in wildlife. Rare mammals like Mishmi takin, red goral, musk deer, red panda, Asiatic black bear, etc. are found here.
11. Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve
Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve is located in Hoshangabad, Betul and Chhindwara districts of Madhya Pradesh. It is situated in the Satpura range. It includes Bori Sanctuary, Pachmarhi Sanctuary, Satpura National Park.
It was declared a Biosphere Reserve by the Government of India in 1999. Biosphere Reserve was included in UNESCO's list of Biosphere Reserves of the world in 2009.
12. Kangchenjunga Biosphere Reserve
The Kangchenjunga Biosphere Reserve is located in the Khangchendzonga Hills of Sikkim. The Kangchenjunga peak located here is the third highest mountain peak in the world, it was declared a Biosphere Reserve by the Government of India in 2000. Biosphere Reserve was included in UNESCO's list of Biosphere Reserves of the world in 2018. Snow leopard, red panda etc are found here.
13. Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve
Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve is located at the southern end of the Western Ghats, in Pathanamthitta, Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram districts of Kerala and Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari districts of Tamil Nadu. These include Shendurani Wildlife Sanctuary, Pipra Wildlife Sanctuary, Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary and Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve. Nilgiri Tahr, Asian Elephant etc. are found here.
It was declared a Biosphere Reserve by the Government of India in 2001. Biosphere Reserve was included in UNESCO's list of Biosphere Reserves of the world in 2016.
14. Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve
Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve is located in two states of India, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. About 68.1% of this reserve is located in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh. Other major parts of the reserve are in Anuppur (16.20%) and Dindori (15.70%) districts of Madhya Pradesh. The protected area of Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary is located within the Biosphere Reserve in Bilaspur district. Four-horned antelope, Indian wild dog, saurs crane, white-tailed vulture, etc. are found here.
It was declared a Biosphere Reserve by the Government of India in 2005. Biosphere Reserve was included in UNESCO's list of Biosphere Reserves in the world in 2012.
15. Rann of Kutch
The Rann of Kutch Biosphere Reserve is a saline swamp region spread over the districts of Kutch, Rajkot, Surendranagar and Patan in the state of Gujarat. It is located in the Thar Desert. The Rann of Kutch is the largest biosphere reserve in India. It was declared a Biosphere Reserve by the Government of India in 2008.
Indian wild ass is found here. Banni grasslands are found here.
16. Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve
The Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve is a biosphere reserve located in the Western Himalayan region, within the state of Himachal Pradesh in northern India. The Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve includes Pin Valley National Park, Chandratal and Sarchu Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary etc. It was declared a Biosphere Reserve by the Government of India in 2009.
17. Seshachalam Hills Biosphere Reserve
It was declared a Biosphere Reserve by the Government of India in 2010. The Seshachalam Hills Biosphere Reserve is part of the Eastern Ghats located in the state of Andhra Pradesh in south-eastern India. Seshachalam Hill Range covers parts of Chittoor and Cuddapah districts of Andhra Pradesh.
Tirupati (a major Hindu pilgrimage city) is located in the Seshachalam hills. Red sandalwood trees are found here, which are used in medicines, soaps, spiritual rituals etc. A creature named Slender loris is found here.
18. Panna Biosphere Reserve
Panna Biosphere Reserve is located in the Panna and Chhatarpur districts of Madhya Pradesh in India. It was declared a Biosphere Reserve in 2011 by the Government of India. Biosphere Reserve was included in the list of Biosphere Reserves of the world by UNESCO in the year 2020. Tiger, chital, chinkara, sambhar, sloth bear etc. are found here.
2. List of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in India 2022
List of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in India 2022 | ||||
No. | The year | Name | State/UT | Area (sq km.) |
1 | 2000 | Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve | Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka | 5520 |
2 | 2001 | Bay of Mannar | Tamil Nadu | 10500 |
3 | 2001 | Sundarban Biosphere Reserve | West Bengal | 9630 |
4 | 2004 | Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve | Uttarakhand | 5860 |
5 | 2009 | Nokrek Biosphere Reserve | Meghalaya | 820 |
6 | 2009 | Simlipal Biosphere Reserve | Orissa | 4374 |
7 | 2009 | Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve | Madhya Pradesh | 4981.72 |
8 | 2012 | Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve | Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh | 3835 |
9 | 2013 | Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve | Andaman and Nicobar Islands | 885 |
10 | 2016 | Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve | Kerala and Tamil Nadu | 3500.08 |
11 | 2018 | kangchenjunga | Sikkim | 2620 |
12 | 2020 | Panna Biosphere Reserve | Madhya Pradesh | 2998.98 |
3. What is Biosphere Reserve?
According to UNESCO, “Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems that encourage measures to conserve biodiversity with their sustainable use.”Biosphere reserves represent natural and cultural landscapes that extend over a large area consisting of terrestrial or coastal/marine ecosystems or a mixture thereof.
Biosphere reserves are designated by national governments and remain under the sovereign jurisdiction of the states where they are located.
Involve local communities and all interested stakeholders in biosphere reserve planning and management. They integrate three main "functions":
- Conservation of Biodiversity and Cultural Diversity
- Economic development, which is socio-cultural and environmentally sustainable
- Underpin development through logistic support, research, monitoring, education and training
Main area
It consists of a strictly protected area that contributes to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation.
Buffer zone
It surrounds or connects with the core area and is used for activities consistent with sound ecological practices that can strengthen scientific research, monitoring, training, and education.
Transition zone
The transition zone is where communities promote socio-cultural and ecologically sustainable economic and human activities.
4. UNESCO Human and Biosphere Programe
The Man and the Biosphere Program (MAB) is an intergovernmental scientific program, initiated by UNESCO in 1971, with the aim of establishing a scientific basis for the improvement of the relationship between people and their environment.MAB combines natural and social sciences, economics and education to improve human livelihoods and equitable sharing of benefits and protect natural and managed ecosystems, that are socially and culturally appropriate, and environmentally sustainable.
The MAB program provides a platform for collaboration on research and development, capacity building and networking to share information, knowledge and experiences on 3 interrelated issues namely biodiversity loss, climate change and sustainable development.
The World Network of Biosphere Reserves promotes north-south and south-south cooperation and represents a unique tool for international cooperation through knowledge sharing, exchange of experiences, building efficiencies and promotion of best practices. Is.
The world's first biosphere reserve was established in 1979. As of January 2021, 714 biosphere reserves, including 21 transboundary sites in 129 countries, have been included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. At present, there are 18 notified biosphere reserves in India.
Selection Process
Biosphere reserves are designated by national governments and remain under the sovereign jurisdiction of the states where they are located. Following the decisions of the MAB International Coordinating Council (MAB ICC), the Biosphere Reserve is designated by the Director-General of UNESCO under the Intergovernmental MAB Programme. Sites can be proposed by all Member States and nine Associate Members of UNESCO.
5. Biosphere Reserve 2022 Map in India
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7. Question and Answer
Q. How many biosphere reserves / biosphere reserves are there in India?
A. There are 18 biosphere reserves in India.
Q. When did the Biosphere Reserve Project started in India?
A. The Biosphere Reserve Project started in India in 2000.
Q. What is Biosphere Reserve called in Hindi?
A. Biosphere reserve is called biosphere reserve in Hindi.
Q. Which is the first animal reservation area of India?
A. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (1986) is the first zoological reserve area of India.
Q. How many biosphere reserves are there in Madhya Pradesh?
A. Madhya Pradesh has 3 biosphere reserves:
1. Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve
2. Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve
3. Panna National Park
Q. Which is the largest biosphere reserve of India?
A. The largest biosphere reserve of India is the Rann of Kutch (Gujarat).
Q. Which is the smallest Biosphere Reserve in India?
A. Panna Biosphere Reserve is the smallest biosphere reserve in India.
Q. Which is the latest biosphere reserve in India?
A. The latest biosphere reserve in India is Panna (Madhya Pradesh).
Q. In which state is the Nilgiri biosphere located?
A. Nilgiri biosphere is in the state of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka?
Q. In which state is Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve located?
A. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is located in the state of Uttarakhand?
Q. Marine biosphere in India?
A. The marine biosphere in India is the Gulf of Mannar.
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