What are Cell Organelles? Types of Cell Organelles

Cell Organelles – There are many organelles found in the cytosol of the cytoplasm. Some organelles are covered by a phospholipid membrane resembling the plasma membrane.

All these cell organelles have the same covering. For example, endoplasmic reticulum, golgicoy peroxisome, glyoxisome etc. However, the envelope of some other cell organelles is not made of phospholipids. E.g. Ribosomes.

Types of Cell Organelles

Cell organelles are of the following types-

1) Endoplasmic Reticulum – It was discovered by Porter and his colleagues in 1945. This is called the skeletal system of the cell. That is, its main function is to provide structure and strength to the cell. It contains ribosomes, which carry out the work of protein synthesis.

2) Golgi Body or Dictyosomes - It was discovered in 1898 by a scientist named Camillo Golgi. These are microscopic structures like tubes. They are located near the nucleus. In plant cells, Golgi bodies are located in small clusters called dicotosomes. Its function is to concentrate, convert and store proteins and enzymes made in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the Golgi body. Hemicellulose for the cell wall is produced and secreted by the golgi body.

3) Mitochondria - It was discovered in 1900 by a scientist named Altman. It is called the power house of the cell. They are found in the cytoplasm in the form of small particles, spheres or rods. Mitochondria is a double membrane organelle. Its outer membrane is perforated and the inner membrane is highly folded. Its structure is mostly cylindrical. Their diameter is less than the lum. It has two membranes. The outer art is smooth and the inner art has bulges like fingers. It contains DNA and ribosomes. 

These DNA and ribosomes are similar to those of bacteria. Mitochondria are the center of energy generation from the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats. It provides energy in the form of ATP. The cell gets the energy needed for biological functions from the mitochondria. Ribosome The ribosome was discovered in 1955 by a scientist named Palade. Ribosomes are made up of ribonucleic acid (R.N.A.) and proteins. Ribosomes are spherical, densely packed particles with a diameter of 140-160 . It is found in all types of organisms. Ribosomes are the center of protein synthesis. It forms amino acids.

5) Lysosome – In 1955, lysosome was discovered by De Duve. It contains various hydrolytic enzymes. Their main function is to digest food. It is mainly found in animal cells. It absorbs the waste material of the cell. The lysosome digests the cell's wastes and keeps the cell clean. Apart from the cell organelles, its enzymes also digest bacteria and food.

6) Vacuoles – About 90% of the mature plant cell consists of one or more elongated vacuoles. These veins are surrounded by only one membrane. In these, dilute solution of sugars and dyes etc. is filled. The colors of flowers are also due to the pigments that fill in these leaves. Vacuoles provide inflation and rigidity to the cells. The colored substances dissolved in it give attractive color to the flowers.

7) Centrosome – Centrosome is found in the middle of the cell near the nucleus. These help in the formation of micro-tubules. Hence they are called cell centers or microtubule formation centers. Two stellate bodies are found in each animal cell. Stellar bodies are often absent in plants. The star was discovered by von Benden. Asterisk centers form both poles and aster of the spindle during the division of animal cells. The stellate plays an important role in the formation of the cell skeleton.

8) Plastids - In 1865, the plastid was discovered by Haeckel. The receptacles are located in the cells. Their inner structure consists of many membrane layers which are located in the stroma. They are colored or colorless of round or flat shape. Lavak gives attractive color to flowers and fruits. The attractive color of the flowers attracts insects, which leads to pollination of the flowers.